Case-Based Learning Matters in Infection Prevention

Every infection preventionist has encountered a surveillance case that seems straightforward until a closer review reveals competing interpretations, missing documentation, or an unexpected twist in the NHSN criteria.

Infection prevention is filled with complex decision-making. While policies, definitions, and guidance documents provide the framework, the ability to consistently apply those standards often comes from experience. A challenge for infection prevention and leadership teams in many healthcare organizations is that experience takes time to develop, and variability in surveillance decisions can have significant consequences for data accuracy, benchmarking, and regulatory reporting.

One of the most effective ways to bridge that gap is through case-based learning. Unlike passive education methods, case-based learning places infection preventionists in realistic scenarios that require them to apply definitions, interpret clinical information, and make surveillance decisions. These exercises mimic the challenges encountered in daily practice and help develop the critical thinking skills needed to navigate ambiguous situations.

IP&MA research reinforces the value of this approach. In a longitudinal observational study published in the American Journal of Infection Control, infection preventionists who participated in structured surveillance training and repeated competency testing using case-based scenarios achieved significantly higher coding accuracy than first-time participants. Repeat testers scored substantially higher on surveillance assessments, demonstrating that ongoing practice and feedback can improve the consistent application of NHSN definitions over time. The study also found that experience was associated with better performance, highlighting the importance of deliberate practice in developing surveillance expertise.

The lesson is clear that surveillance competency is not built by reading definitions alone. It develops through repeated exposure to realistic cases, thoughtful discussion, and opportunities to test decision-making in a safe learning environment.

Whether reviewing a potential CLABSI, interpreting isolation precautions, or determining attribution for a healthcare-associated infection, case-based learning helps infection preventionists build confidence while improving consistency and reliability in surveillance activities.

As healthcare continues to rely on HAI data to guide quality improvement and public reporting, investing in structured competency development is more important than ever.

Looking to strengthen surveillance accuracy and infection prevention competency within your organization? Contact IPMA to learn more about our NHSN surveillance training and competency validation assessment, and infection prevention education services.